Ingabe kufanele sikhathazeke ngamakhamera e-CCTV amaningi?

Inqwaba yabaqaphi ibonisa izinto ezivamile nje - abantu abahamba ngamabhayisikili epaki, belinde amabhasi, abangena bephuma ezitolo.

Umphathi lapha nguSarah Pope, futhi akungabazeki ukuthi uyaziqhenya ngomsebenzi wakhe.Okumnikeza umuzwa wokwaneliseka kwangempela “ukubona kuqala umsolwa… okungase kuqondise uphenyo lwamaphoyisa endleleni efanele,” usho kanje.

I-Southwark ibonisa ukuthi amakhamera e-CCTV - anamathela ngokugcwele ekhodi yokuziphatha yase-UK - asetshenziswa kanjani ukusiza ukubamba izigebengu nokugcina abantu bephephile.Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo ezinjalo zokuqapha zinabo abagxekayo emhlabeni jikelele - abantu abakhononda ngokulahlekelwa ubumfihlo kanye nokuphulwa kwenkululeko yomphakathi.

Ukwenziwa kwamakhamera e-CCTV kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubona ubuso kuyimboni ethuthukayo, esondla isifiso esibonakala singaneliseki.E-UK kuphela, kunekhamera eyodwa ye-CCTV yabantu abangu-11.

Wonke amazwe anabantu okungenani abangu-250,000 asebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwezinhlelo zokuqapha ze-AI ukuqapha izakhamuzi zawo, kusho uSteven Feldstein wesikhungo sezocwaningo saseMelika.Carnegie.Futhi yiShayina ephethe le makethe - ibalwa ku-45% wemali engenayo yomhlaba wonke yomkhakha.

Amafemu aseShayina afana ne-Hikvision, i-Megvii noma i-Dahua kungenzeka kungabi amagama asekhaya, kodwa imikhiqizo yawo ingase ifakwe emgwaqeni oseduze nawe.

• Lalela okwengeziwe ngentuthuko yaseShayina yokugada ku-BBC World Service's World Business Report

"Abanye ohulumeni abazimele - ngokwesibonelo, iChina, iRussia, iSaudi Arabia - baxhaphaza ubuchwepheshe be-AI ngezinjongo zokugadwa kwabantu abaningi,"UMnu Feldstein ubhalela uCarnegie ephepheni.

“Abanye ohulumeni abanamarekhodi angemihle wamalungelo abantu basebenzisa ukubhekwa kwe-AI ngezindlela ezilinganiselwe zokuqinisa ingcindezelo.Kepha zonke izimo zezepolitiki zisengozini yokusebenzisa ngokungemthetho ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha be-AI ukuze kutholwe izinhloso ezithile zezepolitiki,"

I-Ecuador iyalele uhlelo lokuhlola izwe lonke oluvela eChina

Indawo eyodwa enikeza ukuqonda okuthakazelisayo kokuthi i-China isiphenduke kanjani amandla amakhulu aqaphayo i-Ecuador.Izwe laseNingizimu Melika lathenga lonke uhlelo lukazwelonke lokugada amavidiyo e-China, okuhlanganisa namakhamera angu-4,300.

“Yebo, izwe elinjenge-Ecuador belingeke libe nayo imali yokukhokhela isimiso esinjengalesi,” kusho intatheli uMelissa Chan, owabika ese-Ecuador, futhi onguchwepheshe bethonya laseChina emhlabeni wonke.Ubevame ukubika eChina, kodwa waxoshwa kuleli eminyakeni embalwa edlule ngaphandle kwencazelo.

“AmaShayina afike nebhange laseChina selikulungele ukubolekisa ngemali.Lokho kuyasiza ngempela ukuhlahla indlela.Engikuqondayo ukuthi i-Ecuador yayithembise uwoyela kulezo zimali ezibolekiwe uma ingakwazi ukuzikhokhela.”Uthi inxusa lamasosha ehhovisi lenxusa laseChina eQuito libandakanyekile.

Enye indlela yokubheka lolu daba akukhona nje ukugxila kubuchwepheshe bokuqapha, kodwa "ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kobushiqela", engeza ngokuthi "abanye bangaphikisa ngokuthi amaShayina awabandlululi kakhulu ngokuthi ibaphi ohulumeni azimisele ukusebenza nabo".

E-US, akukhona ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okukhathazayo, kodwa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kanjani enhlabathini yaseShayina.Ngo-Okthoba, i-US yavala uhlu lwezinkampani zaseShayina ze-AI ngezizathu zezinsolo zokuhlukumeza amalungelo abantu amaSulumane ama-Uighur esifundeni iXinjiang enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe.

Umkhiqizi omkhulu wama-CCTV waseChina u-Hikvision ubengenye yezinkampani ezingama-28 ezingezwe emnyangweni wezohwebo wase-US.Uhlu Lwebhizinisi, ekhawulela ikhono layo lokwenza ibhizinisi nezinkampani zase-US.Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuzolithinta kanjani ibhizinisi lefemu?

U-Hikvision uthi ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka igcine uchwepheshe wamalungelo abantu nowayeyinxusa laseMelika uPierre-Richard Prosper ukuze ayiluleke ngokulandelwa kwamalungelo abantu.

Lezi zinkampani zengeza ngokuthi "ukujezisa u-Hikvision, naphezu kwalezi zingxoxo, kuzovimbela izinkampani zomhlaba ukuthi zixhumane nohulumeni wase-US, kulimaze abalingani bebhizinisi base-Hikvision base-US, futhi kube nomthelela omubi emnothweni wase-US".

U-Olivia Zhang, intatheli yase-US yebhizinisi laseShayina kanye nenkampani yezindaba yezezimali i-Caixin, ukholelwa ukuthi kungase kube nezinkinga zesikhashana kwabanye ohlwini, ngoba i-microchip eyinhloko abayisebenzisayo yayivela enkampanini ye-IT yase-US uNvidia, "okungaba nzima ukuyishintsha".

Uthi "kuze kube manje, akekho noyedwa ovela kuCongress noma igatsha lase-US oke wanikeza ubufakazi obuqinile" mayelana nokufakwa ohlwini lwabavinjelwe.Unezela ngokuthi abakhiqizi baseShayina bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthethelelwa kwamalungelo abantu kuyizaba nje, “inhloso yangempela nje ukugasela amafemu ezobuchwepheshe ahamba phambili eChina”.

Ngenkathi abakhiqizi abagadayo e-China bechitha ukugxekwa kokuzibandakanya kwabo ekushushiseni abantu abambalwa ekhaya, imali yabo engenayo yenyuka ngo-13% ngonyaka odlule.

Ukukhula lokhu okumelela ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe obufana nokuqashelwa kobuso kubangela inselele enkulu, ngisho nakuhulumeni wentando yeningi othuthukile.Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni e-UK kuwumsebenzi kaTony Porter, ukhomishana wamakhamera oqapha e-England nase-Wales.

Ezingeni elingokoqobo unokukhathazeka okuningi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwayo, ikakhulukazi ngoba inhloso yakhe enkulu ukukhiqiza ukwesekwa komphakathi okusabalele ngakho.

Uthi: “Lobu buchwepheshe busebenza ngokumelene nohlu lwamawashi, ngakho-ke uma ukuqashelwa kobuso kukhomba umuntu osohlwini lwamawashi, bese kuba nomdlalo, kuba khona ukungenelela.”

Ubuza ukuthi ubani ongena ohlwini lokubuka, nokuthi ubani olulawulayo.“Uma kuyizinkampani ezizimele ezisebenza lobu buchwepheshe, umnikazi wazo lowo - ngabe amaphoyisa noma izinkampani ezizimele?Kunemigqa efiphele eminingi kakhulu.”

UMelissa Chan ugomela ngokuthi kukhona izizathu ezizwakalayo zalokhu kukhathazeka, ikakhulukazi maqondana nezinhlelo ezenziwe ngamaShayina.E-China, uthi ngokomthetho “uhulumeni nezikhulu banezwi lokugcina.Uma ngempela befuna ukuthola ulwazi, lolo lwazi kufanele lunikezwe izinkampani ezizimele.”

Kuyacaca ukuthi i-China yenze ngempela le mboni yaba ngenye yezinhlelo zayo ezibalulekile, futhi ibeke amandla ayo ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhuthazeni kwayo.

ECarnegie, uSteven Feldstein ukholelwa ukuthi kunezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani i-AI nokugadwa kubaluleke kangaka eBeijing.Ezinye zixhunywe “ekungavikelekeni okunezimpande ezijulile” ngenxa yokuphila isikhathi eside nokusimama kweQembu LamaKhomanisi laseShayina.

"Enye indlela yokuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nempilo yezepolitiki ukubheka ezobuchwepheshe ukuthi zenze izinqubomgomo zengcindezelo, futhi sicindezele abantu ukuthi baveze izinto ezingase inselele izwe laseChina," usho kanje.

Kodwa esimweni esibanzi, iBeijing namanye amazwe amaningi akholelwa ukuthi i-AI izoba ukhiye wokuphakama kwezempi, usho kanje.E-China, "ukutshala imali ku-AI kuyindlela yokuqinisekisa nokugcina ukubusa namandla ayo esikhathini esizayo" .